Apa sih Metodologi penelitian dan cara membuatnya?

Penelitian sebenarnya adalah pekerjaan ilmiah yang bermaksud mengungkapkan rahasia ilmu secara objektif dengan dibantengi bukti-bukti yang lengkap dan kokoh. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kegiatan penelitian untuk melaksanakan suatu penelitian, terutama yang objeknya manusia. Nah setiap kegiatan penelitian sejak awal sudah harus ditentukan dengan jelas pendekatan/desain penelitian apa yang akan diterapkan, hal ini dimaksudkan agar penelitian tersebut dapat benar-benar mempunyai landasan kokoh dilihat dari sudut metodologi penelitian.

Apa sih sebenarnya metodologi penelitian itu??

Saya mengutip pengertian dari website wikipedia yaitu Metodologi penelitian adalah sekumpulan peraturan, kegiatan, dan prosedur yang digunakan oleh pelaku suatu disiplin ilmu.^]Metodologi juga merupakan analisis teoritis mengenai suatu cara atau metode.^[ Penelitian merupakan suatu penyelidikan yang sistematis untuk meningkatkan sejumlah pengetahuan, juga merupakan suatu usaha yang sistematis dan terorganisasi untuk menyelidiki masalah tertentu yang memerlukan jawaban. ^[1] Hakekat penelitian dapat dipahami dengan mempelajari berbagai aspek yang mendorong penelitian untuk melakukan penelitian. Setiap orang mempunyai motivasi yang berbeda, di antaranya dipengaruhi oleh tujuan dan profesi masing-masing. Motivasi dan tujuan penelitian secara umum pada dasarnya adalah sama, yaitu bahwa penelitian merupakan refleksi dari keinginan manusia yang selalu berusaha untuk mengetahui sesuatu. ^[2] Keinginan untuk memperoleh dan mengembangkan pengetahuan merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia yang umumnya menjadi motivasi untuk melakukan penelitian.

Metodologi secara terminologis adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang metode-metode. Sedangkan metode sendiri secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai cara bertindak menurut sistem aturan tertentu. Sehingga dengan menggunakan metode suatu tindakan atau kegiatan dapat terlaksana secara rasional dan terarah, serta hasilnya dapat tercapai secara optimal. Barangkali implementasi metode ini terdapat dalam prinsip manajemen klasik model POACE (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling, and Evaluation).

Kali ini saya akan berbagi cara membuat proposal metodologi penelitian
Pertama yang harus disusun yaitu pendahuluannya seperti : Latar belakang, Rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian dan manfaat penelitian. Setelah disusun dengan rapi, kita cari judul masalah yang sudah disusun. Contohnya pengaruh rokok terhadap pelajar. Rumusan masalahnya yaitu harus pakai kata tanya. Contoh apa manfaatnya rokok pada pelajar? Atau apa tindakan kita sebagai pelajar untuk berhenti merokok?. Tujuan dan manfaat penelitian tentunya anda sudah mengetahuinya.
Dalam isi proposal penelitian tersebut harus sistematis, realita dan tentunya pakai bahasa ilmiah.

Sekarang bagi anda yang sedang ingin menyusun proposal metodologi penelitian atau meteologi penelitian, segera buat. Jangan ditunda - tunda.

Business Ethics of Aqua Advertising

To create a consumer interested, advertisement must be made interesting and even sometimes dramatic. But ads are not accepted by a specific target (direct). Ads communicated to a broad audience (through mass media advertising communication will be accepted by everyone: all ages, class, ethnicity, etc.). So the ad should have ethics, morals and good business. 


The characteristics of a good advertising : 
Ethical: related to appropriateness. 
Aesthetic: relating to the feasibility (the target market, target audience, when to run?). 
Artistic: artistic merit, so invite the audience appeal. 
Example Application of Ethics 


Cigarette advertising: Not showing explicitly person smoking. 
Ads sanitary napkins: Not showing realistically with the personality of the woman's show 
Ads soap: Not to show people the full bath. 

ETHICS IN GENERAL 
Honestly: do not contain content that is not in accordance with the conditions of the advertised product 
SARA does not trigger conflict 
Does not contain pornography 
Not conflict with the prevailing norms. 
No violation of business ethics, ex: dropping each particular product and so forth. 
No plagiarism 

Here are excerpts some advertising ethics contained in the book of EPI( ETHICS Pariwara INDONESIA) 


1. Copyrights: The use of material that does not belong to itself, must be over the express written permission from the owner or holder of a valid trademark. 


2. Languages: (a) Advertising must be presented in a language understood by the target audience, and do not use the coding (encryption) which can lead to interpretations other than those intended by the designer of the ad message. (B) Not allowed to use superlative words like "most", "number one", "top", or words beginning with "tar". (C) The use of the word "100%", "pure", "native" to declare something must be content to be proven by a written statement of the relevant authorities or the authentic sources. (D) The use of the word "kosher" in the ad can only be done by products that have obtained an official certificate from the Indonesian Ulema Council, or an authorized agency. 


3. Asteris sign (*): (a) The asterisk marks may not be used to conceal, mislead, confuse or deceive the public about the quality, performance, or the actual price of the product being advertised, nor about the unavailability of a product. (B) an asterisk marks may only be used to give further details or source of something that marked the statement. 


4. Use of word "only": Ads may not use the words "the only" meaningful or similar, typically without mentioning in terms of what the product is to be the only one and it must be proved and justified. 


5. Use of word "Free": The word "free" or other words that mean the same should not be included in the ad, if the consumer has to pay another fee. Shipping costs charged to consumers also should be listed clearly. 


6. Pencantum Price: If the price of a product listed in the ad, then he should be revealed clearly, so that consumers know what will be gained at that price. 


7. Warranty: If an ad includes warranty or guarantee of the quality of a product, then the fundamentals of the guarantee must be accountable. 


8. Refund promise (warranty): (a) The terms of such refund shall be clearly stated and complete, among other types of damage or deficiency that is guaranteed, and the validity period of a refund. (B) Advertiser shall reimburse consumers who have diiklankannya appointment. 


9. Fear and Superstition: Ads should not cause fear or tricks, or take advantage of the superstitious beliefs of, except for a positive purpose. 


10. Violence: Ads should not be - directly or indirectly, contain scenes of violence suggests that stimulate or justify the acts of violence. 


11. Safety: Ads may not contain scenes that ignore the safety aspects, especially if he is not related to the product being advertised. 


12. Protection of Personal Rights: Ads may not display or involving a person without first obtaining approval from concerned, except in the appearance of a mass, or simply as background, as long as it does not harm the appearance in question. 


13. Hiperbolisasi: May be done as long as he merely intended as a main focal point or the humor that is very clearly excessive or unreasonable, so as to avoid any perception of the audience disasarnya. 


14. The grace period (elapsed time): Ads that contain scenes of the results or effects of the use of products within a specific period, should clearly disclose the adequacy of each term. 


15. Appearance Food: Ads may not display a waste, waste, or other inappropriate treatment towards food or beverage. 


16. Appearance Money: (a) the appearance and treatment of money in advertisements must be in accordance with the norms of propriety, in the sense of not imposing excessive veneration or harassment. (B) Advertising is not allowed to display the money in such a way as to stimulate people to get it in ways that are not valid. (C) Advertising in print media may not display money in the format of the frontal and 1:1 scale, in color or black and white. (D) Appearance of money on visual media must be accompanied with a "specimen" that can be seen obviously. 


17. Consumer Testimony (testimony): (a) Giving testimony can only be done on behalf of individuals, not representing the institution, group, class, or society at large. (B) The testimony of consumers must be an event that actually happened, without intent to over-lebihkannya. (C) The testimony of consumers must be proved by a written statement signed by the consumer. (D) The identity and address of the giver testimony if requested by the ethics enforcement agencies, must be given in full. Giving testimony must be contacted on the day and regular office hours. 


18. Recommendation (endorsement): (a) a statement, claim or promise given must be related to the competencies possessed by the proponent. (B) Giving advice can only be done by individuals, not allowed to represent the institution, group, class, or society at large. 


19. Comparison: (a) direct comparison can be done, but only on the technical aspects of products, and with exactly the same criteria. (B) If a direct comparison of research data show, the methodology, resources and time study should be clearly disclosed.Pengggunaan research data must have obtained approval or verification of the organizers of the research organization. (C) indirect comparison should be based on criteria that do not mislead audiences. 


20. Comparison Price: Only made to the efficiency and usability of product usage, and must be accompanied by adequate explanation or reasoning. 


21. Degrading: Ads should not be lowered directly competitive products or indirectly. 


22. Imitation: (a) Advertising is not permitted to deliberately mimic competitor's product advertisement can be lowered such that a competitor product, or mislead or confuse the audience. Mimicking covers both the basic idea, concept or plot, setting, music composition and execution. In terms of execution, including models, packaging, shapes brand, logo, title or subtitle, slogans, composition of letters and pictures, musical compositions both melody and lyrics, icons or other distinctive attributes, and properties. (B) Ads must not mimic the iconic or unique attributes that have been first used by any competing product advertising and still be used until the next two years. 


23. The term Science and Statistics: Ads must not misuse scientific terms and statistics to mislead the public, or creating the impression of excessive. 


24. The absence of Products: Ads may only be dimediakan if it has no certainty about the availability of the products advertised. 


25. Ketaktersediaan Prize: Ads should not be declared "while supplies are still there" or other words of similar meaning. 


26. Pornography and Porno action: Ads must not exploit eroticism or sexuality in any way, and for whatever purpose or reason. 


27. Audience Children: (a) Advertising aimed at children audience may not display things that can disrupt or destroy their physical and spiritual (B) The film advertisements addressed to, or appearing on the segment of the broadcast audience children and contain scenes of violence, sexual activity, inappropriate language, or dialogue that is difficult and must include the words "BimbinganOrangtua" or symbol that means the same. 


ADVERTISEMENT "AQUA" from an ethical standpoint 


in advertising "AQUA" we can know that the product is a product of drinking water that can be consumed by all levels of society and all ages, this can be seen from all the advertising and promotion undertaken. in accordance with the motto of these products stating that aqua "natural goodness, goodness of life" of this product became icons of bottled water. 


with qualified ad ad served well, such as displaying images and words are clear and straightforward for its product and attach the results of the report BPOM for products that make no exaggerated effect and make consumers feel cheated by the drinking water ad so that these products can get a pretty good response from consumers to the prospective customers.